A phrase that immediately comes to mind when describing Freemasonry – Morality veiled in allegory and illustrated by symbols. Let us have a look at what this phrase actually means.

Morality, according to the Cambridge Dictionary;

“is a set of personal or social standards for good or bad behaviour and character”.

Immorality is;

“Behaviour that is morally wrong, or outside society’s standards of what is acceptable”

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So, what is acceptable behaviour?

Society is ever evolving and social standards change to reflect that cultural movement.

For example pre 1967 it was illegal to be a homosexual and as late as 1989 in Scotland, rape within marriage was not a criminal offence.

Therefore, is there a difference between personal morality and public law?

In the 1950s Lord Devlin, a leading judge, envisaged that law and morality are “fundamentally interconnected”, arguing that “the law had a right, in fact a duty, to uphold common morality”.

Herbert Hart, a leading academic at the time, disagreed arguing that law enforcing moral values was unnecessary.

He argued that law enforcing morality “infringes the liberty of the individual”.

Even today the Hart–Devlin debate continues over legislation regarding assisted suicide.

As Freemasons we do not have to go deep into the academic realms of law and social justice to understand what is good and bad behaviour or good and bad morals, for it is in our ritual.

However, Freemasonry being universally spread over the globe and embedded within various cultures with different social outlooks on life, what may be good behaviour or good morals in some communities may not be so good in others.

In Freemasonry a universal standard of morality is taught within our rituals and by the symbols within our Lodges.

Having been “restored to the blessings of material light” in the first degree ceremony our attention is drawn to the first of those visual symbols, the “three great emblematical lights”, the Volume of the Sacred Law, the Square, and the Compasses.

“The Sacred Writings govern our faith, the Square to regulate our actions and the Compasses to keep us in due bounds with all mankind.”

All are symbolic representations that give a Freemason his “strength” and his desire to be the best person he can be.

Volume of the Sacred Law (VSL)  

“The Sacred Writings govern our faith”.

It is our faith which is the guide to our morality. Within the Sacred Writings there is an answer to all the moral dilemmas that we may come across in our life.

For example, on the question of “diversity” the VSL of various faiths are unanimous in their answer.

“You shall love thy neighbour as yourself there is no other commandment greater than these”(Holy Bible, New Testament: Mark 12:31)

“O mankind, your Lord is One and your father is one. You all descended from Adam and Adam was created from earth. He is most honoured among you in the sight of God who is most upright. No Arab is superior to a non-Arab, no coloured person to a white person, or a white person to a coloured person except by Taqwa (piety)”

 – Islam: Prophet Mohammad

[Editor’s Note: see the Five Pillars of Islam]

“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” (The Jewish Torah: Leviticus 19:18)

“Do not believe you are above or below anyone. Keep a humble spirit” (Buddhism)

The eight spoke Dharma wheel symbolizes the Noble Eightfold Path – Credit: Chris Falter – Own work,

IMAGE LINKED:  wikimedia Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

“The God-conscious being looks upon all alike, like the wind, which blows equally upon the king and the poor beggar” (Sikhism, Guru Granth Sahib 272)

For a Freemason, who by definition is moderate in his attitude, it is his “faith” which is his moral compass and that, brethren, is universal.

The Square 

“The Ssquare Regulates our actions”.

A symbol that our actions or behaviour are dictated by our attitude. Our attitude is influenced by our faith and the teachings within the VSL. The teachings of morality and a way to live a virtuous life.

The Betari[s] Box theory – my attitude affects my behaviour, which affects your attitude and your behaviour.

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The Compasses

“The Compasses Keep us in due bounds with all mankind”.

We are once again drawn to the Sacred Writings on how we treat our fellow man.

It is a wonderful reflection that all faiths teach the same with regard to the diversity of man. In fact all faiths teach their followers to live a virtuous life.

It is important that Freemasons are in touch with the ever evolving values of our cultures and communities.

For if we do not, Freemasonry becomes irrelevant. But, most importantly, we must adhere to and promote those great Masonic values of “Brotherly Love, Relief and Truth” or in more modern [UGLE] terms, “Integrity, Respect, Friendship and Charity”.

“It is not the most intelligent of the species that survive; it is not the strongest that survive; but the species that survives is the one that is able to best adapt and adjust to the changing environment in which it finds itself.”

 – Darwin: Origin of the Species

When we look at morality we reflect upon who we are as Freemasons.

Our behaviour both in and outside of the Lodge room which is influenced by those three “great emblematical lights”.

Society may change in its attitude to various moral concepts, which it should as humankind evolves, but a Freemason’s guide to morality lies in the symbolism of those three emblematical lights and the moral symbolism of each part of the Lodge furniture and working tools.

Everything within the Lodge room has a symbolic moral meaning.

It would take too long to identify and explain each piece of Lodge room furniture and its moral meaning in this short paper, but the next time you are in your Lodge room take time to look at each part of it and identify its moral relevance.

If you don’t know ask, a senior brother would be more than happy to explain.

Allegories

Allegory of true and false wisdom. Etching by J.G. Bergmüller

IMAGE LINKED:  wellcome collection Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

The Cambridge Dictionary defines an allegory as;

“a story, play, poem, picture or other work in which the characters and events represent particular qualities or ideas that relate to morals, religion or politics”.

Each degree ceremony in Freemasonry has a moral story to tell.

It is a means of teaching morality in a way that involves the candidate.

In education (Benjamin Franklin) there is a phrase;

“Tell me and I forget, show me and I may remember, involve me and I will learn”.

It is not a new or revolutionary method of teaching for characters in the VSL told stories to highlight moral teachings.

Within the degree ceremonies a playlet is acted out and at the end of the play it is explained by a senior member of the lodge with the aid of the pictorial representation of the degree, the Tracing Board.

The Tracing Board is a pictorial explanation of the allegory of the degree and is a constant reminder of what has taken place.

When in lodge study the Tracing Boards as the repetition of doing so will remind you of the moral story of each of the degrees.

Freemasonry is not just the social aspect of meeting and socialising, although that is a very important part of it, it can be spiritually uplifting.

The more you understand the ritual and the symbolism the more interesting the whole experience becomes.

There is another educational phrase;

“if you want to learn about something at a deeper level, teach it”.

Do not be afraid to ask senior members of the Lodge questions if you do not understand.

They will be more than willing to share their knowledge with you and you, in turn, will be able to instruct others in the meaning of Freemasonry, thereby expanding the knowledge of the membership giving everyone the tools and the interest to be better people, for Freemasonry makes a good person better.